Daun sirsak: faedah, pemakanan, dan kesan sampingan

Soursop adalah pokok berbunga Brazil. Buah-buahan dan daunnya terkenal dapat memberi manfaat yang kuat. Tuntutan tertentu juga menyatakan bahawa daunnya 10,000 kali lebih kuat daripada kemoterapi (1).

Daun mempunyai profil pemakanan yang kuat. Tetapi sejauh mana kebenarannya dibuat? Dalam catatan ini, kita akan melihat penyelidikan apa yang memberitahu kita mengenai daun sirsak dan tanaman secara umum.

Apa itu Daun Sirsak?

Soursop (Annona muricata), juga dikenal sebagai Graviola atau Brazilian paw-paw, adalah pohon malar hijau yang berbunga. Ia berasal dari Amerika Tengah, Mexico, Cuba, dan sebahagian India. Kini diedarkan secara meluas dari China tenggara ke Australia dan Afrika Timur dan Barat.

Ubat tradisional menggunakan daun sirsak untuk mengubati beberapa penyakit dan penyakit. Tumbuhan ini digunakan terutamanya untuk merawat keradangan, rematik, darah tinggi, diabetes, jangkitan parasit, dan keadaan serupa lainnya (2).

Buah sirsak boleh dimakan dan mempunyai nilai terapeutik yang baik. Ia popular sebagai agen anti-artritis. Ekstraknya melawan jangkitan parasit dan cacing. Daun berfungsi untuk merawat hipoglikemia dan keradangan dan juga mempunyai sifat antispasmodik (2).

Sifat ini boleh dikaitkan dengan metabolit tumbuhan. Saponin, alkaloid, kumarin, terpenoid, tanin, dan beberapa fitokimia aktif lain telah dikenal pasti di kilang keajaiban ini.

Pada bahagian berikut, kita akan melihat kemungkinan manfaat kesihatan daun sirsak.

Apa Manfaat Kesihatan Daun Sirsak?

Daun tanaman sirsak adalah agen anti-radang yang terkenal. Mereka juga mempunyai sifat antipiretik, antimikroba, antidiabetik, kardioprotektif, dan anti-parasit. Ekstrak sirsak secara positif dapat mempengaruhi sistem vital dalam badan anda.

1. Boleh Membantu Rawatan Kanser

Kajian menunjukkan kesan antiproliferatif dan sitotoksik ekstrak tanaman sirsak terhadap barah payudara, usus besar, prostat, paru-paru, darah, hati, serviks, ovari, mulut, dan kulit (3).

Bahan-bahan bio aktif yang mungkin bermanfaat dipanggil acetogenins annonaceous (AGE). UMUR ini terlibat dalam sifat antikanker sirsak. Mereka membunuh sel barah dengan menghambat kompleks mitokondria I, protein sel barah (2).

Walau bagaimanapun, kajian yang lebih ketat diperlukan untuk mengesahkan keselamatan dan keberkesanan sirsak dan daunnya (3).

2. Boleh Mengawal Keradangan

Kajian telah mengenal pasti lebih daripada 117 sebatian dalam daun sirsak yang mempunyai sifat anti-radang. Lebih banyak kajian penyelidikan diperlukan untuk memahami kesan anti-radang daun (4).

Ekstrak daun sirsak menunjukkan sifat anti-radang, antioksidan, dan penyembuhan luka pada kajian tikus (5).

Merebus daun digunakan secara topikal untuk kesan anti-rematik dan neuralgiknya. Ia juga mengurangkan / menyembuhkan abses dan luka. Ekstrak daun dapat melegakan keadaan keradangan seperti sistitis, rematik, sakit artritis, demam, cirit-birit, disentri, malaria, parasit, dan ruam kulit (4).

Ekstrak daun sirsak menghalang perantara keradangan seperti IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, dan nitrik oksida (NO). Dos 100 mg / kg ekstrak ini terbukti anti-nociceptive (menyekat kesakitan) pada tikus (4).

Daun juga dapat menyembuhkan bisul, luka, luka terbuka, dan edema dengan hampir tidak ada toksisitas pada kajian tikus (4).

3. Boleh Membantu Merawat Insomnia

Secara tradisional, daun sirsak telah digunakan untuk merawat insomnia (6). Daun mempunyai aktiviti relaksasi otot licin dan bertindak sebagai penenang. Mengambil segelas teh daun sirsak juga dapat membantu mengurangkan tekanan (7).

4. Boleh Membantu Mengawal Gejala Diabetes

Pemberian 100 mg / kg ekstrak sirsak berair setiap hari kepada tikus menunjukkan kawalan glisemik yang kuat. Daun tumbuhan dapat membantu meningkatkan metabolisme glukosa (8).

Rawatan sirsak yang berpanjangan (selama 28 hari) pada tikus mengurangkan kadar glukosa darah dan tahap kreatinin serum. Ia juga menyeimbangkan aktiviti enzim hati (AST, ALT, dll.). Tahap kolesterol total dan trigliserida juga dipulihkan (8).

5. Boleh Memiliki Sifat Antivirus

Ekstrak sirsak menunjukkan sifat antivirus terhadap virus selektif. Tumbuhan ini mengganggu replikasi HIV-1 pada sel inang. Juga, ekstrak ini mencegah virus daripada melekat pada sel inang. Ekstrak kulit kayu dan batang sirsak diketahui bertindak melawan virus herpes simplex (HSX) (7).

Though there is no direct research indicating similar effects with the leaves, the results of the aforementioned research may be extrapolated to the leaves as well.

The virucidal effect of the soursop plant could be attributed to its polyphenols (7).

6. May Protect Oral Health

Soursop leaves were found to be bactericidal and fungicidal. They inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mitis , Porphyromonas gingivalis , and Candida albicans (1).

Studies show that soursop leaf extracts can be used against oral microbes to an extent. The extracts have antimicrobial and fungicidal properties (1).

These strains were found to cause periodontitis, gingivitis, and other oral diseases. Lab experiments report an antimicrobial effect of the leaves. They were most potent against the fungus Candida albicans . These results show the potency of soursop leaves in treating oral disorders (1).

Soursop leaves have a powerful phytochemical profile. In the following section, we will further look into the nutrients responsible for their benefits.

Phytochemical Composition Of Soursop Leaves

Soursop plants contain several kinds of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. However, a few species of soursop are rich sources of annonaceous acetogenin compounds (AGEs). AGEs are considered crucial for their antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, and anthelmintic properties (6).

Annomuricin, annomutacin, annohexocin, muricapentocin, anonaine, isolaureline, xylopine, gallic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, annonamine, norcorydine, vomifoliol were identified in these leaves (6).

They also contain rutin, blumenol, solamin, epomuricenin, reticuline, coreximine, coclaurine, stepharine, atherosperminine, and anomuricine. The seeds, fruits, roots, and other aerial parts contain these (and a few other) phytochemicals in varying proportions (6).

Soursop leaf oils also contain sesquiterpenes. The most abundant compound is β-caryophyllene. These volatile oils have β-pinene, germacrene-D, α-pinene, β–elemene, δ-cadinene, epi-α-cadinol, and α-cadinol (6).

A cognitive effect of all these phytochemicals results in the benefits discussed above. Here’s how you can use these leaves to reap their benefits.

How To Use Soursop Leaves

The best way to use these leaves is to brew tea with them. This is because there is no information on how safe it is to ingest raw soursop leaves.

Does that mean you have to brew its tea only in a certain way? Well, not really. You can brew it in two ways:

1. Regular Brew For Flavor

1. Add 1 to 2 tablespoons of your favorite soursop tea blend to a teapot. You can find a good one here.
2. Add boiling water and let it steep for 5-10 minutes.
3. Strain the leaves.
4. Serve hot/warm or cold.

1. Use 2-3 soursop leaves for one to two cups of tea. You can buy the leaves here.
2. Set a pot of boiling water ready.
3. Add these leaves to water and let them simmer for at least 10 minutes.
4. Strain the leaves before serving.

2. Prolonged Brew For Health

1. Set up a boiling pot with 1 liter of cold water.
2. Add the whole soursop leaves or the soursop blend.
3. Bring the water to a boil.
4. Boil it uncovered until the water has been reduced by half.
5. Turn off the heat, and let the tea steep for about 20 minutes.
6. Drink it hot/warm/at room temperature.

To make it taste better, add about half a teaspoon of lime juice, 2-3 mint leaves, and some honey (if you want it sweet).

There is some evidence that soursop leaves may cause adverse effects.

What Are The Side Effects Of Soursop Leaves?

• May Cause Neuron Dysfunction

Soursop and its leaves contain alkaloids. Studies show these may cause neuron dysfunction and degeneration in those with Parkinson’s syndrome (9), (10).

• May Lower Blood Pressure Way Too Much

The plant and its leaves may also lower blood pressure way too much (11). Hence, individuals on blood pressure-lowering medications must exercise caution.

There is no set dose for soursop leaves/tea yet. Neither are there any reports of toxicity. Animal studies showed no signs of toxicity – even at doses as high as 2 g/kg (12).

However, we suggest you talk to your healthcare provider about the dosage.

Conclusion

Most of the studies done are on animals, and more human studies are needed to establish positive results. Also, there is no evidence of a patented preparation of this extract. Hence, consult a healthcare professional before consuming soursop leaves (in the form of tea).

There is no recommendation for eating raw soursop leaves. The best way to ingest them is as a tea. You may steep the leaves in boiling water for a few minutes, drain the tea, and consume it.

12 sources

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• Keberkesanan Anti-mikroba Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) pada Patogen Oral: Kajian In-vitro, Jurnal Penyelidikan Klinikal & Diagnostik, Perpustakaan Perubatan Nasional AS, Institut Kesihatan Nasional.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198446/

• Manfaat Potensi Annona muricata dalam Memerangi Kanser: Satu Kajian, The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5862046/

• Anticancer Properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091294/

• Exploring the Leaves of Annona muricata L. as a Source of Potential Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Agents, Frontiers in Pharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6019487/

• Annona muricata leaves accelerate wound healing in rats via involvement of Hsp70 and antioxidant defence, International Journal of Surgery, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25899210

• Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4519917/

• Annona muricata: Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Academia.

  www.academia.edu/34871086/Annona_muricata_Is_the_natural_therapy_to_most_disease_conditions_including_cancer_growing_in_our_backyard_A_systematic_review_of_its_research_history_and_future_prospects

• Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata (Annonaceae), aqueous extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24076471

• Toxicity of Annonaceae for dopaminergic neurons: potential role in atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe, Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11835443

• Is atypical parkinsonism in the Caribbean caused by the consumption of Annonacae?, Journal of Neural Transmission, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017523

• Possible mechanisms of action of the hypotensive effect of Annona muricata (soursop) in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats, Pharmaceutical Biology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22950673

• Gastroprotective activity of Annona muricata leaves against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats via Hsp70/Bax involvement, Drug Design, Development, and Therapy, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378912